Are all stars same? - Life of a star 1 - truesciencebehindscience

Today, which knowledge you will gain is beyond your imagination. After reading this article your mind will blow up. Nah! just joking but today you will get your almost every doubt cleared about the star. Let's get the true science behind science-

The life of an ideal star (here it means our sun-like star) has neither any starting point nor endpoint (has exception). It is just like the phoenix bird which arises from its ash.

There are mostly 12 life stages of a star. We can say that the life cycle of a star starts with a nebula. However, it's a dead star but a new star arises from this only.

Star-forming Nebula -

A nebula is a group of clouds, dust, and gases mostly hydrogen and helium being ready to form a new protostar. Eventually, it starts forming into a new star. After a million years when nebula was formed this nebula recycled its most of fuel and now ready to form a new star.

 

 As a cloud is disturbed a bit, the cloud of dust and gases gets collapsed. A dense, hot core begins the gathering of dust and gas. Not every part of the nebula gets converted into a star some part forms the planets, moons, asteroids, or comets either they turn to be dust only.

Now, the new star is formed which is a prototype so, the star is called Protostar.

Protostar -

Protostar is a very young star that still gathers the dust and fuel around it to become either a sun-like star or a massive star. It is small in size and mass hence called a protostar.

 

 

When a protostar exceeds a temperature of 10 million kelvin. This is the temperature of hydrogen when it becomes helium by nuclear fusion. Everything further happens according to the size of a star if it's a massive one, the process becomes faster to form, but forming a sun-like star takes about 50 million years. It can turn up into a massive star or sun-like star.

Main sequence star -

The stage of a star after protostar. They can live for 10 million years to 10 billion years. They can further be classified into two groups either Sun-like star or massive star. These are filled with fuel. With a temperature of about 2000 K to 50000 K.

 

(i) Sun like star- 

This type of star is comparatively smaller than the massive ones. Their age is almost 10 billion years. These stars are filled with hydrogen which is forming helium continuously. Our sun is also one of them. They have an average temperature of about 5500 K.
After their age of 10 billion years, their core stars run out of fuel and start forming a red giant. 

(ii) Massive star-

This star is larger than our sun. Their age is almost a few million years comparatively less. These stars are also filled with Hydrogen as a fuel but this also runs out of fuel from their core after their age and forms red supergiants.

Red Giants/Supergiants-

They have very high mass content but less luminous. Their size starts expanding as a result they become 1000 times larger than the sun. Their temperature is about 5000 K. Gradually, they are forming to planetary nebula or supernova(if Red supergiants).

They have finished their hydrogen inside the core but continues the nuclear fusion on the surface as hydrogen atoms are left on the surface. Their core starts contracting and becoming more hotter and dense. As It runs out of hydrogen, helium starts fusing into carbon atoms. Now, the carbon atoms are left with the core, plus the core further contracts to become denser and fuse carbon atoms to form heavier elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, etc. Now, these atoms continue to fuse and they make heavier elements such as iron. Now iron atoms fuse and make heavier elements but because they require more energy but the conversion produces less energy. So, the production of the heavier element decreases. Hence the nuclear fusion slows and their life ends here forming a nebula or a supernova.

Planetary Nebula -

When a red giant runs out of every fuel and is not able to stand in its gravity. This red giant explodes ejecting all the materials in form of cloud and dust, cooling down eventually this is known as a planetary nebula. 

 

 

Moreover, starts recycling its material in other words preparing for being a new star or it can turn up to be a white dwarf star.

Supernova-

When a red supergiant runs out of every type of nuclear fuel it could use and now can't withstand its gravity. Then gets exploded, this explosion is known as a supernova.

 

 

After this huge explosion, the core of the star eventually can choose in three paths whether to a planetary nebula( if the star's mass was less than 1.3 solar masses), a neutron star( if the star's mass was between 1.3 to 3 solar masses), or a black hole( if the star's mass was more than 3 solar masses).

This is all for today. About other alternatives, other than a supernova we will learn another day.

Hope this helps you.

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 Hope all this helps you.

HAIL MOTHERLAND